Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), a constituent of the outer membra
ne of the cell wall of gramnegative bacteria, exerts a wide variety of
biological effects in humans. This review focuses on the molecular me
chanisms underlying these activities and discusses structure-function
relationships of the endotoxin molecule, its interaction with humoral
and cellular receptors involved in cell activation, and transmembrane
and intracellular signal transduction pathways.