PATTERNS OF STRATEGIC ALLIANCES BETWEEN RIVAL FIRMS

This article describes the results of a research project which examine d 171 alliances set up by competing firms in an international context. It presents an empirically-based taxonomy of such alliances construct ed on the basis of a set of variables chosen for their demonstrated or assumed influence on the evolution and outcomes of strategic partners hips. Three contrasted types of allliances are identified: quasi-conce ntration alliances, market penetration alliances and shared supply all iances. They differ according to two fundamental dimensions: their sym metrical or dissymmetrical nature and the way in which they alter comp etition. Legal structure, often emphasized in previous research on the subject, does not emerge as a strongly discriminating factor. Hypothe ses on the likely evolution and outcomes of each type of alliance are derived from the taxonomy.