SUBPERIOSTEAL FACELIFTING - COMPLICATIONS AND THE DISSATISFIED PATIENT

As endoscopic subperiosteal lifting of the upper face is explored, it may significantly limit the indications for the open approach. However , this report is based on our combined large experience and long follo w-up in open bicoronal subperiosteal lifting. The combined experience of four surgeons in four countries with an open subperiosteal approach to lifting of the upper face in 545 patients is described. The compli cations of the procedure, both common and rare, and techniques to avoi d untoward effects are discussed. Reasons for patient dissatisfaction are addressed. Based on their evaluation of results and complications of the surgery over a B-year period (1986-1992), we conclude that subp eriosteal lifting is an effective, reliable, reproducible, and safe op eration.