PEDOGENIC AND PHYTOCENOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FOREST ECOSYSTEMS IN THE STATE-NATURE-RESERVE-ZADNA-POLANA

Soils of the western part of the State Nature Reserve (SNR) Zadna Pol' ana were formed from andesite pyroclastics containing volcanic glass. Andosolic cambisol is dominant, followed by subdominant pseudogleyic a ndosolic cambisol. Less often psephitic cambisol occurs (skeleton cont ent > 50 %), from place to place overlaid by debris and/or pseudogleye d, cambisolic andosol (horizon A > 15 cm), ranker, lithosol, gley and turfosol. Allophanes present in clay fraction of these soils increase along with active aluminium the speed of humus accumulation. They are formed only in well drained soil horizons. The soils of SNR are mostly a part of the hemioligotrophic ecological order of geobiocenes (in eq uilibrium state with the topsoil pH(H2O) 3.9-4.9). Only the saprosolic gley subtype with pH(H2O) > 6 is considerably trophically different. From the hydric point of view it is possible to separate them into 4 e cological geobiocene orders leading, wetted, wet and slightly restrict ed. Spruce forests with Vaccinium myrtillus and beech woods with forb- rich undergrowth are wide-spread on soil types andosolic cambisol, cam bisolic andosol and partially also psephitic andosolic cambisol. They have developed in their typical form (with dominance of Vaccinium myrt illus species), in a grassy-herb form (with dominance of Calamagrostis villosa species), in a managed form (with dominance of Rubus idaeus s pecies) and in a monoculture form. Climax beech forests with forb-rich undergrowth are frequent on andosolic cambisols at an elevation below 1100 m. Spruce is often dominant in beech stands with intense managem ent beech dominates in natural beech stands where mountain ash, maple and elm are also present.