The purpose of our research was to determine whether residential recyc
ling programs introduced an additional benefit-reduced litter. We eval
uated the proposition that such programs should impart to participants
a heightened environmental awareness and understanding that may encou
rage them to litter less and/or pick up more accumulated litter. We ex
amined accumulated litter by various types - recyclable litter, recycl
able accessories, and nonrecyclable litter - in selected neighborhoods
before and after the implementation of the Baton Rouge, Louisiana, cu
rbside recycling program. We found that recyclable litter decreased si
gnificantly after the onset of the program. However, there was no simi
lar decline in other types of litter. Although participants were motiv
ated to discard fewer recyclables and/or pick up more recyclable titte
r after implementation of the program, this behavior did not carry ove
r to the proper disposal of nonrecyclable litter.