En. Dvorkin et al., A 3 FIELD ELEMENT VIA AUGMENTED LAGRANGIAN FOR MODELING BULK METAL-FORMING PROCESSES, Computational mechanics, 17(1-2), 1995, pp. 2-9
A new 2D quadrilateral element is developed for the modelling of 2D in
compressible rigid/viscoplastic problems: the QMITC-3F. The element fo
rmulation is based on the interpolation of three fields: velocities, s
train rates and pressures. The incompressibility constraint is enforce
d using an Augmented Lagrangian technique. The new element is used in
conjunction with the flow formulation and the pseudo-concentrations te
chnique for modelling bulk metal forming processes.