FEMALE 15-SPINED STICKLEBACKS DETECT MALES WITH EMPTY NESTS BY NONVISUAL CUES

Reproductive female 15-spined sticklebacks Spinachia spinachia chose w ater flowing from an unmated nesting male rather than water flowing fr om no male. Since the female could see neither the male nor his nest, this result suggests that she received non-visual signals. (C) 1995 Th e Fisheries Society of the British Isles