Mp. Zinkin et al., LIFTING OF THE GROUND-STATE DEGENERACY BY CRYSTAL-FIELD INTERACTIONS IN THE PYROCHLORE TM2TI2O7, Journal of physics. Condensed matter, 8(2), 1996, pp. 193-197
The results of susceptibility and neutron inelastic scattering measure
ments on the pyrochlore compound Tm2Ti2O7 are presented. The crystal-f
ield ground state of the Tm3+ ion has zero spontaneous magnetization,
and a virtually dispersionless crystal-held excitation is observed. It
is concluded that the crystal-field interaction dominates the exchang
e interaction in Tm2Ti2O7 lifting the expected degeneracy of the frust
rated ground state.