S. Tomlinsonclarke et D. Clarke, INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS ON ALIENATION AND STUDENT EFFORT AT 3 CAMPUS ENVIRONMENTS, Journal of college student development, 37(1), 1996, pp. 60-67
Alienation and measures of student effort among undergraduate men and
women attending a 2-year college, a comprehensive college, and a resea
rch university were examined. In separate analyses, students attending
4-year undergraduate institutions and women were found to have higher
educational aspirations. Alienation differed by institution and by ge
nder and student effort differed by institution. However, few gender d
ifferences were found in students' approaches to learning.