Hy. Kim et al., ARTERIOVENOUS-FISTULA - A COMPLICATION OF CARDIAC-PACEMAKER LEAD PLACEMENT AND ITS MANAGEMENT WITH PERCUTANEOUS EMBOLIZATION, PACE, 16(12), 1993, pp. 2310-2312
A right internal mammary artery to right brachiocephalic vein fistula
was discovered following implantation of a permanent cardiac pacemaker
. The fistula was closed via percutaneous embolization.