Jr. Flangan et al., GRIP FORCE ADJUSTMENTS DURING RAPID HAND MOVEMENTS SUGGEST THAT DETAILED MOVEMENT KINEMATICS ARE PREDICTED, Behavioral and brain sciences, 18(4), 1995, pp. 753-754
The lambda model suggests that detailed kinematics arise from changes
in control variables and need not be explicitly planned. However, we h
ave shown that when moving a grasped object, grip force is precisely m
odulated in phase with acceleration-dependent inertial load. This sugg
ests that the motor system can predict detailed kinematics. This predi
ction may be based on a forward model of the dynamics of the loaded li
mb.