In models with a cosmological constant a significant component of the
cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy is produced at rather low
redshifts z less than or similar to 1. In these models, the gravitati
onal potential perturbations begin to evolve at late times, shifting t
he frequencies of photons passing though them. Since the potential ref
lects the matter density, the latter should be correlated with the CMB
anisotropy. We examine this correlation and discuss the prospects for
using an x-ray/COBE comparison to detect a cosmological constant.