T. Fukuda et al., ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-4 AND VASCULAR CELL-ADHESION MOLECULE-1 IN SELECTIVE EOSINOPHIL MIGRATION INTO THE AIRWAYS IN ALLERGIC-ASTHMA, American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology, 14(1), 1996, pp. 84-94
Recent in vitro studies have suggested that interleukin-4 (IL-4) may b
e involved in the preferential migration of eosinophils into the airwa
ys in allergic asthma through its capacity to selectively increase vas
cular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression on vessels. To test
this hypothesis, we studied the expression of VCAM-1, E-selectin, and
intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on vascular endothelium in
bronchial mucosal biopsies from 20 allergic asthmatics using an immun
ohistochemistry technique and related the observations to IL-4 levels
in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid simultaneously obtained and to e
osinophil infiltration in the bronchial mucosa. IL-4 was detectable in
BAL fluid from nine subjects (range, 15.1 to 110 pg/ml in 20-fold con
centrated BAL fluid) (IL-4-positive asthmatics) but unmeasurable in th
e remaining 11 subjects (IL-4-negative asthmatics). The IL-4-positive
asthmatics showed a significantly increased expression of VCAM-1 but n
ot E-selectin and ICAM-1 on vessels as compared with both IL-4-negativ
e asthmatics (P < 0.001) and diseased control subjects (P < 0.001). In
asthmatics, VCAM-1 expression was positively correlated with BAL IL-4
levels (r(s) = 0.89; P < 0.0001). Moreover, there was a significant c
orrelation between the endothelial expression of VCAM-1 and the number
of eosinophils, but not neutrophils, in the bronchial submucosa (r(2)
= 0.76; P < 0.001). A significant correlation was also found between
BAL IL-4 levels and the number of eosinophils. These results suggest t
hat IL-4 is a VCAM-1-selective activator also in human airways and the
VCAM-1-dependent pathways play a role in selective migration of eosin
ophils into the airways in allergic asthma, and support the hypothesis
described above.