It is shown that the accuracy by which a concentration-depth profile c
an be estimated from the inelastic background of an XPS spectrum is dr
amatically improved by using two-dimensional (2D) data. The energy los
s distribution of the photoelectrons for several values of the detecti
on angle, or the energy of the excitation source, are treated as a sin
gle 2D data set. The resolution of the depth profile estimated from th
is set is far better than can be obtained from any single XPS spectrum
.