The main features of contemporary Spanish rural society are described
in this article. It also offers an account of the most relevant change
s during the last decades. Differences in climate, soil types and hist
orical processes of iud appropriation have resulted in significant reg
ional differences. The last part is devoted to an analysis of the tran
sformation of rural society, the old problems that still remain and th
e new ones that have emerged after the major social and economic chang
es.