Eh. Brandt et al., LONG-RANGE FLUCTUATION-INDUCED ATTRACTION OF VORTICES TO THE SURFACE IN LAYERED SUPERCONDUCTORS, Physical review letters, 76(5), 1996, pp. 827-830
It is shown that in extremely anisotropic layered superconductors the
interaction of vortex lines with a parallel planar surface, which for
straight lines along the c axis decreases exponentially over the in-pl
ane penetration depth lambda, becomes a long-range dipole-dipole attra
ction when the vortex line is distorted randomly. This novel long-rang
e fluctuation-induced attraction enhances the thermal fluctuations dow
n to depths much larger than h and may lead to flux creep towards the
surface.