SURVIVAL AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMMATURE STAGES OF 4 HAWAIIAN FRUIT-FLIES(DIPTERA, TEPHRITIDAE) REARED AT 5 CONSTANT TEMPERATURES

Development and survival of melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquille tt), oriental fruit By, B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. latifrons (Hendel), a nd Mediterranean fruit By Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) eggs, larvae, and pupae were compared at 5 constant temperatures ranging from 16 to 32 degrees C. Durations of the immature stages of B. cucurbitae, C. c apitata, B. dorsalis, and B. latifrons ranged from 12.9 to 40, 14.7 to 46.2, 15.4 to 47.1, and 18.2 to 61.6 d, respectively, at 32-16 degree s C. Species differed most conspicuously in duration of the egg stage and least conspicuously in duration of the pupal stage. Survivorship d ata indicated that B. latifrons was adapted to a narrower range of tem peratures than the other 3 fruit fly species. Developmental thresholds were lower for the larval stage than for the egg and pupal stages for all species. Threshold values for all stages of C. capitata were lowe r than those for all Bactrocera species. Thermal requirements (degree- days) for development in the pupal stage were greater than those of th e egg and larval stages in all species, and the requirements of B. lat ifrons were greater than those of tile other species within each stage . These findings are discussed with respect to commodities treatment r esearch, rearing, control methods using mass-reared insects, and fruit fly temporal and geographical patterns.