REVERSE IMMUNOGENETICS - FROM HLA-DISEASE ASSOCIATIONS TO VACCINE CANDIDATES

Analysis of the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in patients with either infectious or autoimmune diseases has led to the identification of se veral HLA alleles associated with either resistance or susceptibility to disease. Understanding the role of HLA molecules in the presentatio n of peptide antigens to T cells has led to the use of 'reverse immuno genetics': a novel approach to analysing the key antigenic peptides th at are presented by the relevant HLA molecules, Recent advances in the analysis of naturally occurring peptides bound to HLA molecules has a llowed the direct identification of antigenic peptides from living cel ls and has supported the development of vaccine candidates, such as th e liver-stage antigen 1 in malaria.