DOUBLE POLING KINEMATICS AND PERFORMANCE IN CROSS-COUNTRY SKIING

Olympic skiers in the women's 30-km race were analyzed as they double poled on a moderate downhill slope. Movement patterns of 20 skiers wer e analyzed, 10 from a top finishing group and 10 from slower finishers in the bottom third of the field. Skiers in the faster group not only were faster overall in the race but were faster as they double poled through the site (6.75 vs. 6.43 m/s). Cycle length was significantly c orrelated with cycle velocity (r = .81). Trunk flexion and shoulder ex tension during poling were similar between groups; however, considerab le variability of shoulder positioning was noted for both groups of sk iers. Distinct shoulder-elbow-pole positioning differences were noted among skiers. Disadvantageous positioning of the shoulder at the begin ning of poling was related to poorer pole inclination during elbow ext ension. While many skiers in both fast and slow groups double poled wi th good positioning, others would benefit from greater shoulder flexio n to maximize double poling performance.