Soil damage from wet-weather timber harvests may persist after some ph
ysical and chemical properties have been restored through tillage and
fertilization. This study's objective was to determine if the gaseous
products of aerobic and anaerobic soil biological activity could revea
l harvest-damage effects, even after applying costly mitigation treatm
ents. Fluxes of CO2, CH4, and N2O across the soil surface were measure
d in Ultisols of a Coastal Plain pine hat damaged during timber harves
t, then mitigated by bedding and fertilization (100 kg ha(-1) N, P, an
d K). Gas fluxes were measured with large static chambers (0.5 by 1.0
m sampling area) to compensate for high microsite variability and the
presence of coarse debris on the forest floor. Carbon dioxide evolutio
n was a robust and consistent indicator of residual damage, declining
an average of 34% in planting beds on damaged vs. undamaged soils. For
example, in a late summer reading, efflux of CO2-C from beds installe
d over former skid trails was 143 mg m(-2)h(-1) vs. 258 mg m(-2)h(-1)
from undamaged beds and 231 mg m(-2) h(-1) from undisturbed forest doo
r. Methane and N2O fluxes were ephemeral and, thus, generally unreliab
le as indicators of harvest damage - though bedding produced scattered
high peaks in both. Carbon dioxide was also the only gas Bur that res
ponded significantly to fertilization, with an average 26% increase up
to 4 mo after fertilization. These results suggest that suppression o
f gross soil biological activity by harvest damage was not restored by
intensive mitigation in the next rotation's establishment phase.