As our appreciation of the diversity within the flatworms has grown, s
o too has our curiosity about the ways in which these varied creatures
are related to one another. In particular, the parasitic groups (trem
atodes, cestodes and monogeneans) have been the focus of enquiry. Unti
l recently, morphology, anatomy and life histories have provided the r
aw data for building hypotheses on relationships. Now, ultrastructural
evidence, and most recently, molecular data from nucleic acid sequenc
es, have been brought to bear on the topic. Here, David Blair, Andres
Campos, Michael Cummings and Juan Pedro Laclette discuss the ways in w
hich molecular data, in particular, are helping us recognize the vario
us lineages of flatworms.