ELECTROTHERMAL ATOMIC-ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ELEMENTS IN BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS IN THE PRESENCE OF A MIXED PALLADIUM-TUNGSTEN CHEMICAL MODIFIER

Thermal stabilization of several volatile elements (antimony, arsenic, bismuth, cadmium, lead, selenium, tin, and thallium) in biological di gests, solubilized hair and diluted urine in the presence of mixed mod ifiers: palladium-tungsten and palladium-tungsten-ammonium nitrate (fo r urine) has been studied. ETAAS procedures for analysis of biological tissues and urine have been elaborated. Simple techniques for pre-ins trumental treatment and fast temperature programs are expedited. Appli cations to different biological reference materials have been demonstr ated. The relative errors and RSDs are less than 10%, and the analyte recoveries are within 96 and 108%.