Sg. Okeefe et Dv. Thiel, CONDUCTIVITY EFFECTS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC EMISSIONS (EME) FROM ICE FRACTURE, Journal of electrostatics, 36(3), 1996, pp. 225-234
Discrete electromagnetic pulses have been recorded by scouring the sur
face of ice samples manufactured with significantly different concentr
ations of NaCl. Rise and fall times are statistically distinct and the
higher the conductivity, the shorter the times recorded. As all other
conditions were constant, it is concluded that EME signals are conduc
tivity dependent. This supports the charge separation mechanism postul
ated for EME generation in rock and ice.