In response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic, the U.
S. military established comprehensive policies to protect individual a
nd public health and to assure military readiness. Central to this eff
ort was the creation of a total-force HIV screening program. As repres
entative of these military programs, the U.S. Army's HIV testing progr
am is described, The first decade of this-program is assessed from fin
ancial, research, policy, and epidemic-control perspectives, We conclu
de that the government's investment has been a prudent one, leaving th
e U,S, military better positioned to counter the threats posed by the
HIV pandemic.