MALIGNANT OBSTRUCTIVE-JAUNDICE - EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT

A large number of laboratory tests, radiologic studies, and endoscopic techniques are available for the evaluation of the jaundiced patient. Similarly, the therapeutic options have increased with the developmen t and improvement of endoscopic, percutaneous, and laparoscopic proced ures, and the morbidity and mortality rates associated with open surge ry have decreased. The challenge is to select, on an individual basis, the most efficient and cost-effective evaluation as well as the manag ement with the lowest morbidity and mortality rates and the best short - and long-term goals.