Tj. Smith et al., DESCRIPTION AND IDENTIFICATION OF WHITE GRUBS (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE) THAT ATTACK PINEAPPLE CROPS IN SOUTH-AFRICA, African entomology, 3(2), 1995, pp. 153-166
Larvae of five species of scarabaeid beetles, Asthenopholis subfasciat
a Blanchard, Trochalus politus Moser, Macrophylla ciliata Herbst, Cong
ela valida Peringuey and Adoretus ictericus Burmeister, and adults of
a sixth species, Heteronychus arator (Fabricius), cause considerable e
conomic damage to the root systems of pineapple plants. The biologies
of the species differ, making reliable identification essential. Since
no convenient method is available to identify them, both field and la
boratory keys are provided for the identification of third instar larv
ae of the six species, and detailed, illustrated descriptions for conf
irming their identifications.