This paper describes some physical aspects of the piezoelectric effect
which takes place in strained semiconductor heterostructures grown al
ong a polar axis. First we show how piezoelectric fields can be accura
tely measured by optical spectroscopy. Then we discuss about the origi
n of the nbn-linear piezoelectric effect reported recently for CdTe, a
nd maybe for InAs as well. Finally we compare excitonic effects in pie
zoelectric and non-piezoelectric quantum wells.