BETA-CORE FRAGMENT (BETA-CORE UGF/UGP), A TUMOR-MARKER - A 7-YEAR REPORT/

In 1988 we published three papers describing immunoassay results for u rine beta-core fragment as a marker of gynecological cancers. Many oth er papers have been published since, and three commercial immunoassays have been established. beta-Core fragment is called beta-core, UGF, o r UGP by different commercial vendors. To avoid confusion we call it b eta-core/UGF/UGP here. In this 7-year report, we compare the three com mercial assays, establish cutoff limits, and use the Ciba-Corning kit for two large studies. The first was a retrospective study, measuring beta-core/UGF/UGP in gynecological cancer and control urines accumulat ed in our freezers (n = 486). The second is a first prospective study, testing over a 16-month period beta-core/UGF/UGP levels in urines of all new patients attending the Gynecology Oncology Clinic (n = 548). I n the retrospective study, elevated beta-core/UGF/UGP levels (>1.9 ng/ ml) were detected in 11% of urines from healthy individuals (n = 132), in 11% from women with benign gynecological disease (n = 196), in 44% from cervical cancer (n = 68), 56% from ovarian cancer (n = 54), and 47% from endometrial cancer (n = 38). Altogether, beta-core/UGF/UGP le vels were elevated in 50% of 170 samples from gynecological cancers. O verall, sensitivity increased with advancing stage of malignancy. Sens itivity was 28% for stage I, 50% for stage II, 47% for stage III, and 68% for stage IV malignancies. In the prospective study very similar r esults were recorded. Elevated beta-core/UGF/UGP levels (>1.9 ng/ml) w ere detected in 11% of urines from healthy individuals (n = 99), 11% f rom individuals with benign gynecological disease (n = 196), 7% from w omen with carcinoma in situ (n = 28), in 42% of samples from cervical cancer (n = 69), 56% from ovarian cancer (n = 59), and 52% from endome trial cancer. Altogether, beta-core/UGF/UGP levels were elevated in 48 % of 225 gynecological cancer samples. Overall, sensitivity increased with advancing stage of malignancy. Sensitivity was 29% for stage I, 6 6% for stage II, 60% for stage III, and 77% for stage IV malignancies. In both studies sensitivity for beta-core/UGF/UGP increased with adva ncing stage of disease. Sensitivity for cervical and endometrial cance rs was slightly lower than that for ovarian malignancies. This differe nce may be due to the preponderance of advanced-stage-disease patients in the ovarian cancer group. beta-core/UGF/UGP may be a general stage -dependent marker for all gynecological cancers. The same false-positi ve results and very similar sensitivity values were found in a retrosp ective and a prospective study, They confirm each other, and suggest a definitive false-positive rate and sensitivity of this tumor marker f or gynecological cancers. (C) 1996 Academic Press, Inc.