COLLABORATIVE INTEGRATION IN THE CANADIAN PHARMACEUTICAL-INDUSTRY

Over the course of the 1980s, companies attempted to develop new organ isational strategies to balance competition with collaboration. Althou gh a variety of theoretical frameworks acknowledged this development t here have been very few empirical studies in which the nature and exte nt of this collaborative integration and the implications for industri es in the 1990s have been examined. In this paper, the Canadian pharma ceutical industry is used as the empirical context for an examination of collaboration. The author focuses on the relationship between small and large firms, biotechnology-based companies, and university resear ch and argues that these collaborative linkages need to be more firmly developed in our theoretical discussions if we are to make sense of t he corporate world in the 1990s.