L. Jussim et al., THE NATURE OF STEREOTYPES .2. A MULTIPLE-PROCESS MODEL OF EVALUATIONS, Journal of applied social psychology, 26(4), 1996, pp. 283-312
A model integrating 3 theoretical perspectives regarding how stereotyp
es influence person perception was tested. The theories included evalu
ative extremity theories, assumed characteristics theory, and expectan
cy violation theory. Predictions were assessed by manipulating the eth
nicity, personal appearance, and speech style of target job applicants
. These applicants were rated by 109 judges. Results showed that: (a)
Judges evaluated job applicants far more on the basis of their persona
l appearance and speech style than on the basis of their ethnicity; (b
) the range of evaluations of African American applicants was larger t
han the range of evaluations of White applicants; and (c) overall, jud
ges evaluated the African American applicants more favorably than the
White applicants. Results strongly supported the model integrating the
3 theories. We discuss the applicability of the model to other resear
ch and naturalistic situations.