In the Nordic countries, breast cancer, is the most common malignant d
isease among women and the: incidence has been increasing steadily for
the past 30 years. The age-specific incidence curve of female breast
cancer suggests that the menopause has a protective effect. Nordic stu
dies have provided evidence of an increased breast cancer risk in wome
n of low parity, those who have their first child late, and those who
have used oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy for a lo
ng time.