T. Kaiser et al., RACEMIZATION STUDIES OF FMOC-CYS-(TRT)-OH DURING STEPWISE FMOC-SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE-SYNTHESIS, Tetrahedron letters, 37(8), 1996, pp. 1187-1190
In conventional stepwise Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis, diisoprop
ylethylamine (DIEA) base-catalyzed acylation methods lead to considera
ble amounts of racemization of Fmoc-Cys(Trt) residues during the activ
ation/coupling process. The epimerization can be reduced to a negligib
le degree, via. a base-free activation step.