Gw. Gale et Aa. Busnaina, REMOVAL OF PARTICULATE CONTAMINANTS USING ULTRASONICS AND MEGASONICS - A REVIEW, Particulate science and technology, 13(3-4), 1995, pp. 197-211
Sonic cleaning is a commonly used technique for removal of particles f
rom surfaces. The theory of particle removal using ultrasound is revie
wed. Effects of cavitation and acoustic streaming are discussed. Exper
imental results using ultrasonics and megasonics (ultrasonic cleaning
near 1 MHz) from the literature are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on re
moval of fine particles from silicon surfaces for semiconductor manufa
cturing applications.