During an investigation of South African species of Agaricus L.: Fr, a
nd allied genera, three species of Hymenagaricus Heinem, have been stu
died. H. caespitosus is described as a new species. With the exception
of H. luteolosporus Heinem. & Little Flower, which was recently recor
ded by van der Westhuizen & Eicker (1994), the remaining species const
itute new additions to the mycobiota of this country; both the genus a
nd species are still unfamiliar to many. A generic description, a key
to the South African species, and accounts of these taxa follow. Type
and other collections studied have been deposited in PRUM.