A. Benhur et O. Biham, UNIVERSALITY IN SANDPILE MODELS, Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics, 53(2), 1996, pp. 1317-1320
A classification of sandpile models into universality classes is prese
nted. On the basis of extensive numerical simulations, in which we mea
sure an extended set of exponents, the Mama two-state model [S. S. Mam
a, J. Phys. A. 24, L363 (1991)] is found to belong to a universality c
lass of random neighbor models which is distinct from the universality
class of the original model of Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld [P. Bak, C.
Tang, and K. Wiesenfeld, Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 381 (1987)]. Directed mo
dels are found to belong to a universality class which includes the di
rected model introduced and solved by Dhar and Ramaswamy [D. Dhar and
R. Ramaswamy, Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1659 (1989)].