INCLUSION BEHAVIOR AND HEAT-TRANSFER PHENOMENA IN STEELMAKING TUNDISHOPERATIONS .3. APPLICATIONS COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO TUNDISH DESIGN

The attributes of various tundish designs and flow modifiers have been studied based on the computational and physical modeling efforts deve loped in parts I and II. The importance of thermal natural convection effects in such vessels has been demonstrated. Flow patterns and resid ual ratios (RR) for various tundish designs of equal volume and metal throughput showed that a conventional biflow, twin-strand, trough-type tundish fitted with flow modifiers allows for the greatest removal of inclusions, while a one-way flow, twin-strand, wedge-shaped tundish p erforms best in the absence of flow modifiers. More detailed analyses of the conventional trough-type tundish were performed to assess the e ffects of double-weir-double-dam and single-weir-double-dam arrangemen ts. The effectiveness of steeply sloping sidewalls for enhanced remova l of inclusions was demonstrated; however, this measure was associated with penalties in the form of greater metal temperature losses.