A study is made of the implications of heterotic string T-duality and
extended gauge symmetry for the conjectured equivalence of heterotic a
nd Type I superstrings. While at first sight heterotic string world-sh
eet dynamics appears to conflict with Type I perturbation theory, a cl
oser look shows that Type I perturbation theory ''miraculously'' break
s down, in some cases via novel mechanisms, whenever the heterotic str
ing has massless particles not present in Type I perturbation theory.
This strongly suggests that the two theories actually are equivalent.
As further evidence in the same direction, we show that the Dirichlet
one-brane of Type I string theory has the same world-sheet structure a
s the heterotic string.