Dm. Guldi et al., COMPRESSION-DEPENDENT STRUCTURAL-CHANGES OF FUNCTIONALIZED FULLERENE MONOLAYERS, Journal of physical chemistry, 100(8), 1996, pp. 2753-2758
Surface pressure vs surface area isotherm, Brewster angle microscopic,
and atomic force microscopic measurements provided evidence for the f
ormation of a stable monolayer upon the compression, up to 35 mN/m, of
60]fullerenere-61,61,62,62,63,63-hexacarboxylate), e,e,e-C-60[C(COOEt
)(2)](3), on the water surface in a Langmuir film balance. Compression
to higher pressures reorganized the monolayers into bilayers and resu
lted ultimately in the irreversible transformation to rods (1 mu m dia
meter and up to 100 mu m long) with porous and oriented structures.