WE have used in situ hybridization to investigate the modulation of ex
pression of the immediate early genes (IEGs) c-fos, fos-B, zif/268 and
CREM in rat brain following oral administration of saccharin, i.p. in
jection of LiCl, and conditioned taste aversion (CTA) training in whic
h these stimuli are used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unco
nditioned stimulus (UCS), respectively. Modulation of c-fos, zif/268 a
nd CREM was detected in the NTS, PBN, hypothalamic PVN and central nuc
leus of the amygdala after the administration of the UCS but not the C
S. Our data are consonant with the hypothesis that differential and co
mbinatorial expression of IEGs plays a role in encoding the representa
tion of LiCl-induced malaise in the brain.