This paper analyzes U.S. Census Bureau data from 1970, 1980, and 1990
to document trends in the utilization and ameliorative effects of publ
ic assistance among poor children. The data show (1) a marked increase
since 1970 in the percentage of poor children receiving public assist
ance; (2) a sharp rise in poor children's reliance on public assistanc
e vis-a-vis parental earnings; and (3) stagnation or even deterioratio
n in the ameliorative effects of public assistance on child poverty du
ring the 1980s.