F. Vonoppen et Ek. Riedel, QUANTUM PERSISTENT CURRENTS AND CLASSICAL PERIODIC-ORBITS, Physical review. B, Condensed matter, 48(12), 1993, pp. 9170-9173
Semiclassical theory relates mesoscopic persistent currents to classic
al periodic orbits. This is used to demonstrate that persistent curren
ts are a sensitive probe of quantum chaos, exhibiting different univer
sal dependences on the Fermi velocity for integrable and for completel
y chaotic ballistic microstructures. A study of the Sinai-billiard geo
metry reveals that the universality classes do not coincide with those
of the spectral spacing distribution. Our conclusions are supported b
y numerical calculations.