Wf. Young et al., INTRAOPERATIVE STIMULATION OF PEDICLE SCREWS - A NEW METHOD FOR VERIFICATION OF SCREW PLACEMENT, Surgical neurology, 44(6), 1995, pp. 544-547
Pedicular fixation of the lumbosacral spine has become a popular proce
dure for improving fusion rates. Even in experienced hands, it can be
associated with a significant rate of screw malpositioning and potenti
al nerve root injury. In this report, we describe a technique for impr
oving screw localization utilizing evoked electromyography responses f
rom direct stimulation of pedicle instrumentation.