GRAZING-INCIDENCE SURFACE SCATTERING OF X-RAYS

A comprehensive presentation of new developments in the theory of diff use (off-specular) surface scattering of X-rays is given and illustrat ed with experimental results on different kinds of films and surfaces. This technique allows the determination of surface and interface morp hology through height-height correlation spectra over a wide in-plane wave-vector range (10(5)-10(10) m(-1)). A general method for the deter mination of the tensorial Green function relevant to the problem is in dicated. The Born approximation and the more accurate distorted-wave B orn approximation are evaluated. The need for even better approximatio ns is stated and possible methods are indicated. The theoretical resul ts are compared with the results of experiments and non-trivial effect s are evidenced. Finally, different methods for the measurements of li quid fluctuation spectra with synchrotron radiation are discussed, dem onstrating the ability of this technique to provide more insight into the statistical physics of liquid interfaces down to molecular scales.