Managed care and competition are creating pressures to control costs a
nd prevent adverse outcomes in health care. These forces are also crea
ting a new era in hospital epidemiology, one in which there are many o
pportunities for the infectious disease physician, The ability to crea
te and administer a hospital epidemiology program is a valuable asset
in this environment. Included in hospital epidemiology programs are ac
tivities such as infection control, quality management, employee healt
h, risk management, and microbiology and clinical pharmacy consultatio
ns. The hospital epidemiologist must be prepared to take advantage of
the opportunities created.