REFINING MEASURES OF ADVENTURE RECREATION INVOLVEMENT

The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of adventur e recreation by expanding on the work of Ewert and Hollenhorst (1989). In this study, level of enduring involvement of whitewater kayaking p articipants was the dependent variable, frequency of participation, sk ill level, experience, social orientation, environmental preference, p sychological outcomes, perceived risk, locus of control, and sensation seeking were the independent variables. The level of enduring involve ment was predicted by skill level, psychological outcomes, gender, fre quency of participation, and perceived risk. This article relates deve lopment of measures and operationalization of variables. These finding s have implications for developing future adventure recreation behavio r models and for understanding the social and psychological aspects of whitewater kayaking.