BALNEOLOGICAL USE OF THERMAL AND MINERAL WATERS IN THE USA

In the United Slates, natural springs, especially geothermal ones, hav e gone through three stages of development: (i) use by Indians as a sa cred place, (2) development by the early European settlers to emulate the spas of Europe, and (3) finally, as a place of relaxation and fitn ess. The main reasons that people in the U.S.A. visit geothermal spas today are to improve their health and appearance, to escape stress, an d to refresh and revitalize their bodies and minds. Unlike European sp as, where medical cures of specific ailments are more important, U.S. spas place more emphasis on exercise,on reducing stress, on lifting de pression, and on losing weight. Soaking in hot tubs and pools, as well as in natural primitive hot springs, is a favorite pastime. There are over 115 major geothermal spas in the U.S.A., and many more smaller o nes, along with thousands of hot springs. The majority of these are lo cated in the volcanic regions of the western states, but several famou s ones still exist in the east. The major spas are estimated to have a n annual energy use of 1.53 x 10(12) kJ (46 x 10(3) TOE). Most of the geothermal heat is used in bathing, and very little for space heating.