Dl. Heavner et al., DETERMINATION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS AND RESPIRABLE SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER IN NEW-JERSEY AND PENNSYLVANIA HOMES AND WORKPLACES, Environment international, 22(2), 1996, pp. 159-183
One hundred-four self-reported nonsmoking married women participated i
n a home and workplace personal environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) expo
sure study for 33 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), total volatile or
ganic compounds (TVOCs), respirable suspended particulate matter (RSP)
, and ETS-RSP. The women were selected and classified according to soc
ioeconomic categories based on age (25-39 y and 40+ y), total annual h
ousehold income (<$40K and >$40K), and reported ETS exposure status at
home and at work (SH = smoking home, NSH = nonsmoking home, SW = smok
ing work, and NSW = nonsmoking work). Saliva samples were collected at
the start and at the end of the study for cotinine determinations. Fi
ve participants (4.8% of the total), married to smokers and working in
smoking workplaces, were excluded because they had average salivary c
otinine concentrations greater than 10 ng/mL. indicating that they wer
e likely smokers. The background correction factor for cotinine (SH/NS
H) or Z, indicated that total exposure was 4.8 times greater for those
living with a smoker versus those not living with a smoker. Apportion
ment of TVOCs indicated that 3.4% of the TVOCs in the smoking homes an
d 0.8% of the TVOCs in the smoking workplaces were attributable to ETS
. Apportionment of benzene and styrene indicated that 11.4% and 13.4%,
respectively, were attributable to ETS in smoking homes; 11.5% and 6.
2%, respectively, were attributable to ETS in smoking workplaces. RSP
apportionment based on solanesol particulate matter (Sol-PM) indicated
that 28.7% of the RSP in smoking homes and 22.7% of the RSP in smokin
g workplaces were attributable to ETS. RSP apportionment based on scop
oletin particulate matter (Sco-PM) indicated that 12.9% of the RSP in
smoking homes and 9.6% of the RSP in smoking workplaces were attributa
ble to ETS. Median daily and weekly exposures to VOCs, TVOCs, and RSP
were calculated from the concentrations determined and tended to follo
w the trend: SH > NSH > SW > NSW. The home/work exposure differential
(SH/SW) indicated that ETS exposure was higher for living with a smoke
r than for working with a smoker by a factor of 3.7 for RSP and ETS-RS
P and 2.4 for VOCs and TVOCs.