AN RNA-POLYMERASE-II ELONGATION-FACTOR ENCODED BY THE HUMAN ELL GENE

The human ELL gene on chromosome 19 undergoes frequent translocations with the trithorax-like MLL gene on chromosome 11 in acute myeloid leu kemias. Here, ELL was shown to encode a previously uncharacterized elo ngation factor that can increase the catalytic rate of RNA polymerase II transcription by suppressing transient pausing by polymerase at mul tiple sites along the DNA. Functionally, ELL resembles Elongin (SIII), a transcription elongation factor regulated by the product of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. The discovery of a second elongation factor implicated in oncogenesis provides further support f or a close connection between the regulation of transcription elongati on and cell growth.