EFFECTS OF AVAILABILITY OF PATIENT-RELATED CHARGES ON PRACTICE PATTERNS AND COST-CONTAINMENT IN THE PEDIATRIC INTENSIVE-CARE UNIT

Objective: To investigate the effects of the availability of daily pat ient-related charges to healthcare providers on practice patterns and cost containment in the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) setting. D esign: Prospective, nonrandomized, controlled trial. Setting: Pediatri c ICU. Patients: All patients admitted to the pediatric ICU during the study period. This number included a prospective control group In = 3 25) and an intervention group (n = 273). These 598 patients spent 2,27 4 patient days in the pediatric ICU. Interventions: The daily itemized patient charges related to diagnostic studies ordered in the pediatri c ICU were made available to healthcare providers during the intervent ion period of the study. Measurements and Main Results: Information wa s collected prospectively on patients in the control group before the intervention period. This information included data on demographics, d aily severity of illness measures, daily resource consumption, intensi ty of nursing and medical interventions, and daily patient-related cha rges. Outcome information on survival and length of pediatric ICU stay was also collected. The same data were collected prospectively during the intervention period of the study. Measurements on quality assuran ce and morbidity were made to ensure that there was no compromise in p atient care. There were no significant differences in patient demograp hics and diagnoses between the control and intervention groups. There was a reduction in the average daily laboratory (16.7%), radiology (9. 1%), computerized axial tomography (8.5%), and pharmacy (25.1%) charge s in the intervention group as compared with controls. The decreases i n laboratory and pharmacy charges were statistically significant (p <. 0001), The decreases in laboratory and pharmacy charges remained signi ficant even after adjustment for severity of illness. Conclusions: The availability of patient-related charges to healthcare providers can r esult in changes in practice patterns, producing a decrease of patient charges and an improvement in cost containment in the pediatric ICU.