W. Nagai et al., STRUCTURES AND FLUORESCENCE OF SECONDARY PRODUCTS PRODUCED FROM THE COPE-KNOEVENAGEL REACTION OF 2-PHENYLPROPIONALDEHYDE WITH METHYL CYANOACETATE, Journal of heterocyclic chemistry, 33(1), 1996, pp. 123-128
The Cope-Knoevenagel reaction of 2-phenylpropionaldehyde (7) with meth
yl cyanoacetate (8) produced methyl (E)-2-cyano-4-phenylpent-2-enoate
(9) and the two highly fluorescent secondary products, -3-carbomethoxy
-6-phenyl-4-(1-phenylethyl)pyridine (10) and 3-cyano-6-phenyl-4-(1-phe
nylethyl)-2-pyridone (11). The structure of 10 was determined by X-ray
crystallography while the structure of 11 was confirmed by the conver
sion of 9 into 11. The mechanism of their formation is discussed. Fluo
rescence of 10 and 11 and the related compounds are also described.